نشریه علوم زمین خوارزمی

نشریه علوم زمین خوارزمی

ارزیابی غلظت و خطر سلامتی عناصر بالقوه سمّی در خاک‌های کشاورزی دشت بسطام (استان سمنان)

نویسندگان
دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
چکیده
به منظور بررسی غلظت و ارزیابی خطر سلامتی عناصر بالقوه سمّی در خاک­های کشاورزی دشت بسطام، 14 نمونه خاک سطحی (عمق 0-20 سانتیمتر) از مزارع منطقه برداشت شد. ویژگی­های فیزیکی- شیمیایی و غلظت کل عناصر اصلی و جزئی با استفاده از روش­‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شد. از شاخص‌های زیست­ محیطی منفرد و یکپارچه و تحلیل‌­های آماری برای تفسیر داده‌­ها استفاده شد. نتایج به دست آمده، نشان­‌دهنده قلیایی بودن خاک منطقه (pH بین 7/9 تا 8/4میزان متوسط ماده آلی (میانگین 2 درصد)، آهکی بودن خاک (میانگین کربنات کلسیم 42/5 درصد)، و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی کم تا متوسط خاک (میانگین 10/4meq100g-1) است. غلظت عناصر کروم، مولیبدن، نیکل، استرانسیم، و منگنز در همه نمونه‌­ها، و غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، کادمیم، کبالت، مس، و آهن در برخی نمونه­‌ها بیشتر از غلظت این عناصر در ترکیب میانگین خاک‌­های جهانی و خاک­‌های آهکی است که نشان می‌­دهد حداقل بخشی از این عناصر از منابع انسانی منشأ گرفته‌­اند. محاسبه ضرایب زیست­‌محیطی منفرد نشانگر آلودگی خاک نسبت به عناصر بالقوه سمّی، به ویژه مولیبدن و استرانسیم است. با توجه به شاخص‌های آلودگی یکپارچه، خاک‌­های منطقه در رده آلودگی متوسط قرار دارند. ارزیابی خطر سلامتی نشانگر احتمال بروز خطر سرطان‌زایی عناصر آرسنیک و کروم از طریق مسیر بلع برای کودکان می‌­باشد. تحلیل‌­های آماری بیانگر نقش اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز در تجمع عناصر در خاک و همچنین تأثیر فعالیت کشاورزی بر افزایش غلظت عناصر در خاک است. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی زراعی و همچنین کاربرد سموم دفع آفات منبع آلودگی خاک منطقه به عناصر بالقوه سمّی است و بنابراین، مدیریت زیست­‌محیطی فعالیت کشاورزی در منطقه به منظور جلوگیری از افزایش شدت آلودگی خاک به عناصر بالقوه سمّی اهمیت زیادی دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of the concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils of the Bastam Plain (Semnan Province)

نویسندگان English

Javid Khaghani
Giti Forghani
Shahrood University of Technology
چکیده English

In order to investigate the concentration and the health risk of potentially toxic elements in the agricultural soils of the Bastam Plain, 14 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected. Physico-chemical characteristics and total concentration of major and trace elements were measured using standard methods. The obtained data were interpreted using single and integrated environmental indices and statistical analyses. The soil’s pH varied between 7.9 and 8.4. The average values of organic matter, calcium carbonate, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were 2 %, 42.5 %, and 10.4 meq/100g, respectively. The concentrations of Cr, Mo, Ni, Sr and Mn in all samples, and the concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cu and Fe in some samples were higher than the corresponding values in the World Soil Average composition, confirming the anthropogenic pollution of the studied soils. The calculation of environmental indices indicated that the studied soil samples were polluted with toxic elements, especially Mo and Sr. According to the integrated pollution indices, the soils of the study area were moderately polluted. The results of human health risk assessment indicated the possibility of carcinogenic risk of As and Cr through the ingestion route for children. Statistical analyses showed that Fe-Mn oxides may play a major role in the accumulation of pollutants in the soil. Moreover, the agricultural activity probably enhanced the concentration of toxic elements in soils. The results of the present study showed that application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is the main source of contamination of the agricultural soils of the study area, and therefore, the environmental management of agricultural practice seems necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Soil
Pollution
potentially toxic elements
Health risk assessment
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