نشریه علوم زمین خوارزمی

نشریه علوم زمین خوارزمی

هندسه چینه‌های رشدی به عنوان شاهدی بر نحوه تکامل تاقدیس نره، منطقه فارس داخلی

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه بیرجند
2 شرکت ملی اکتشاف نفت ایران
3 دانشگاه بارسلونا
چکیده
منطقه مورد مطالعه در حاشیه شمالی بلندای قدیمی فارس در کمربند چین‌خورده رانده زاگرس قرار دارد. حضور چینه‌های رشدی در یال جنوبی این تاقدیس، در سازندهای جوان آغاجاری و بختیاری، تدوام چین‌خوردگی تا زمان پلیوسن و پلیوستوسن را نشان می‌‌دهد. به منظور بررسی هندسه تاقدیس نره از خطوط لرزه‌ای و رسم مقطع زمین‌شناسی به روش کینک و مطالعات صحرایی استفاده شده است. تفاوت هندسه تاقدیس در زیر و بالای سازند دشتک و چند محوره بودن تاقدیس نشان‌دهنده عملکرد این سازند به عنوان افق جدایش میانی است. پیش‌نشینی (Onlapping) سازند آغاجاری بر روی سازند آسماری در یال جنوبی تاقدیس نره مشاهده شده است. این پیش‌نشینی می٬­تواند در اثر عملکرد گسل پی‌سنگی پس از رسوب‌گذاری سازند آسماری باشد. بدین صورت که پس از رسوب‌گذاری این سازند تاقدیس نره دچار چین‌خوردگی گردیده و سپس فرسایش سازند‌‌‌های قدیمی‌تر از سازند آغاجاری هنگام برخاستگی تاقدیس اتفاق افتاده است. بعد از آن ماسه‌سنگ سازند آغاجاری با پیش‌نشینی بر روی سازند آسماری رسوب‌گذاری کرده است. بر اساس تحلیل هندسه چینه‌های رشدی بررسی شده در خطوط لرزه‌ای و بازدیدهای صحرایی و مقایسه با مدل‌های موجود، این تاقدیس با مدل چرخش در یال و مهاجرت لولا مطابقت بیشتری دارد. همچنین با مدل c چین‌های جدایشی و با نرخ بالاآمدگی بیشتر نسبت به رسوب‌گذاری مطابقت دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The geometry of growth strata as evidence for the evolution of the Nahreh anticline, the interior Fars region

نویسندگان English

Zahra Tavazo 1
Ebrahim Gholami 1
Hossein Motamedi 2
Bahman soleimany 2
Jameh Vergés 3
1 University of Birjand
2 National Iranian Oil Company
3 Geociencias Barcelona (Geo3Bcn)
چکیده English

The study area is located in the northern margin of the Fars paleo high plateau in the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The presence of growth strata in the young Aghajari and Bakhtiari formations shows the continuation of folding until the Pliocene and Pleistocene times. The study of the geometry of the Nahreh anticline was carried out using seismic lines, geological cross-section drawing using Kink's method and field studies. The difference in the geometry of the anticline below and above the Dashtak Formation and multi axiality of anticline indicates the function of this formation as an intermediate detachment horizon. The onlapping of the Aghajari Formation on the Asmari Formation has been observed on the southern limb of the Nahreh anticline. This onlapping can be happen due to the action of the basement fault after the sedimentation of the Asmari Formation. Thus after the deposition of this Formation the Nahreh anticline was folded and then the erosion of formations older than the Aghajari Formation, occurred during the uplift of the anticline. After that, sandstone of the Aghajari Formation deposited on top of the Asmari Formation. Based on the analysis of the geometry of those onlaps investigated in the seismic lines and in the field compared with existing models, this anticline is more consistent with the limb rotation around fixed hinges, and according to the seismic line it is consistent with the hinge migration model. It is also consistent with model C of detachment folds and with an uplift rate greater than sedimentation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Fars paleo high
Nahreh anticline
growth strata
onlapping
limb rotation
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Ahmadi, R., Merceir, E., Ouali, J., 2013. Growth-strata geometry in fault-propagation folds. a case study from the Gafsa basin. southern Tunisian Atlas. Swiss Journal of Geosciences Vol. 106, 91–107.
Alavi, M., 1994. Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations. Tectonophysics. Vol. 229, 211-238.https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90030-2.
Bahroudi, A., Koyi, H.A., 2003. Effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt in deformation style in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. An analog modeling approach. Journal of the Geological Society. London. Vol. 160, 719–733.https://doi: 10.1144/0016-764902-135.
Berberian, M., 1995. Master blind thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds. Active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics. Tectonophysics. Vol. 241, 193-224.https://doi.10.101/0040-1951(94)00185-C.
Bernal, A., Hardy, S., 2002. Syn-tectonic sedimentation associated with three-dimensional fault-bend fold structure. a numerical approach. Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 24, 609–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00112-2.
Bordenave, M.L., Hegre, J.A., 2012. Current distribution of oil and gas field in Zagros fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems. Geological Society. London. Special Publications. Vol. 330, 291-353.https://doi: 10.1144/SP330.14.
Epard, J. L., Groshong, R. H. Jr., 1995. Kinematic model of detachment folding including limb rotation. fixed hinges and layer-parallel strain. Tectonophysics. Vol. 247, 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)00266-C.
Fu. Ch., Yu. X., Dong. Y., He.Y., Liang. J., Kuang. Z., 2019. comparison and genesis analysis of the deepwater channel in the hydrate enrichment zones on the north slope of the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. Vol. 38, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-019-1403-9.
Furst, M., 1976. Tectonic and Diapirismus der ostlichenzagrosketten. Geology. Geoscience. 127.183-2255.https://DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.22012.
Grando, G., McClay, K., 2004. Structural evolution of the Frampton growth fold system. Atwater valley-southern Green Canyon area. deep water Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Petroleum Geology.Vol. 21, 889–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.12.005.
Hardy, S., 1997. A velocity description of constant-thickness fault-propagation folding. Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 19(6), 893–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00013-8.
Hardy, S., Poblet, J., 1994. Geometric and numerical model of progressive limb rotation: in detachment folds. Geology. Vol. 22, 371–374. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)0222.3.CO;2.
Homza, T. X., Wallace, W. K., 1995. Geometric and kinematic models for detachment folds with fixed and variable detachment depths. Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 17, 575–588.https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(94)00077-D.
Hughes, A., 2013. Insights into Contractional Fault- Related Folding Processes Based on Mechanical, Kinematic and Empirical Studies. Harvard University PhD Dissertations. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.03.019.
Jackson, J. A., 1980. Reactivation of basement faults and crustal shortening in orogenic belts. Nature. Vol. 283, 343- 346.https:// doi: 10.1038/28334a0.
Jahani, S., 2008. Salt tectonics, folding and faulting in the eastern Fars and southern offshore provinces (Iran). PhD Thesis. Universite de Cergy- Pontoise.
Kent, P.E., 1979. The emergent Hormuz salt plugs of southern Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology. Vol. 2, 117-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00698.x.
Livio, A., Berlusconi, A., Alessandro, M., Michetti, A., Sileo, G., Zerboni, A., 2009. Active fault-related folding in the epicentral area of the December 25. 1222 (Io = IX MCS) Brescia earthquake (northern Italy): seismotectonic implications. Tectonophysics. Vol. 476, 320-335.
Maurer, F., Martini, R., Rettori, R., Hillgartner, H., Cirilli, S., 2009. The geology of Khuff outcrop analogues in the Musandam Peninsula. United Arab Emirates and Oman. GeoArabia. Vol. 14, 125-158.https://doi: 10.1007/s12517-010-0198-y.
Mercier, E., Rafini, S., Ahmadi, R., 2007. Folds kinematics in ‘‘folds and thrust belts’’ The ‘‘hinge migration’’ question. A review. Thrust belts and foreland basins part IV. Structural modeling/restoration. Springer 135-147. https://DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69426-7_7.
Mitra, S., 2002. Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bulletin. Vol. 86, 173- 1694.https://doi: 10.1306/61EEDD3C-173E-11D7-845000102C1865D.
Mitra, S., 2003. A Unified Kinematic Model for the Evolution of Detachment Folds. Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 25, 1659-1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00198-0.
Motamedi, H., Pour Kermani, M., 2006. The role of intermediate detachment levels in variation of structural style over the Gavbandi paleo high (southern Zagros fold- thrust belt).Journal of sciences (Islamic Azad University).
Motamedi, H., Sherkati, S., Sepehr, M., 2012. Structural style variation and its impact on hydrocarbon traps in central Fars. Southern Zagros folded belt Iran. Journal of structural geology. Vol. 377, 124- 133. https://doi: 10.101/j.jsg.2012.01.021.
Muller, K., Suppe, J., 1997. Growth of Wheeler Ridge anticline, California: geomorphic evidence for fault-bend folding behaviour during earthquakes. Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 19(34), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)00112-5.
Petrokav Zagros., 2012. Marand 1:50,000 Geological map. National Iranian Oil Company Exploration Directorate.
Poblet, J., Hardy, S., 1995. Reverse modelling of detachment folds; application to the Pico del Aguila anticline in the South Central Pyrennes (Spain). Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 17, 1707–1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(95)00059-M.
Poblet, J., McClay, K., 1996. Geometry and kinematics of single layer detachment folds. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. Vol. 80(7), 1085–1109.https://doi.org/10.1306/64ED8CA0-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Rahimpour, H., Esrafili– Dizaji, B., Tavakoli, V., 2010. Dolomitization and Anhydrite precipitation in Permo- Triassic carbonates at the South Pars gas filed. offshhore Iran. controls on reservoir quality. Journal of Petroleum Geology. Vol. 33, 43-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2010.00463.x.
Rafini, S., Mercier, E., 2002. Forward modelling of foreland basins progressive unconformities. Sedimentary Geology. 146, 75–89.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00167-1.
Salvini, F., Storti, F., 2002. Three-dimensional architecture of growth-strata associated to fault-bend, fault-propagation and decollement anticlines in non-erosional environments. Sedimentary Geology. Vol. 146, 57–73.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00166-X.
Salvini, F., Storti, F., McClay, K., 2001. Self-determining numerical modeling of compressional fault-bend folding. Geology. Vol. 29, 839–842. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)0292.0.CO;2.
Shaw, J. H., Suppe, J., 1994. Active faulting and growth folding in the eastern Santa Barbara Channel. California. Geological Society of America Bulletin. Vol. 106, 607–626.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)1062.3.CO;2.
Soleimany, B., Poblet, J., Bulnes, M., Sàbat, F., 2011. Fold amplification history unravelled from growth strata: the Dorood anticline, NW Persian Gulf. Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 168(1), 219–234.https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492010-085.
Storti, F., Poblet, J., 1997. Growth-stratal architectures associated to decollement folds and fault-propagation folds. Interferences on fold kinematics. Tectonophysics. Vol. 282, 353–373.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00230-8.
Suppe, J., Sabat, F., Munoz, J. A., Poblet, J., Roca, E., & Verge`s, J. 1997. Bed-by-bed fold growth by kink-band migration. Sant Llorenc¸ de Morunys, eastern Pyrenees. Journal of Structural Geology. Vol. 19(34), 443–461.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)00103-4.
Szabo, F., kheradpir, A., 1978. Permian and Triassic stratigraghy. Zagros basin. south- west Iran. Journal of petroleum Geology. Vol. 1, 57-82. https://DOI: 10.4236/ojg.2016.69086.
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