نشریه علوم زمین خوارزمی

نشریه علوم زمین خوارزمی

زمین‌شناسی، پتروگرافی و ژئوشیمی گدازه‌های آتشفشانی ائوسن شمال یوسف‌خان‌کندی، شمال لاهرود، استان اردبیل

نویسندگان
مرتضی خلعت بری جعفری 1
امیر شهریاری 1
محمد فریدی 2
1 سازمان زمین شناسی-پژوهشکده علوم زمین
2 سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی تبریز
10.22034/KJES.2023.9.1.10393
چکیده
محدوده مورد مطالعه، در شمال روستای یوسف­خان­کندی و شمال شهرستان لاهرود (استان اردبیل) واقع است. این منطقه در شمال باختری ایران واقع بوده و جزیی از پهنه ساختاری البرز-آذربایجان است که همراه با پهنه قفقاز کوچک و ارتفاعات جنوب خاوری ترکیه، ضمن برخورد پلیت عربی با اورازیا طی کوهزایی آلپ-هیمالیا شکل گرفته­اند. محدوده مورد مطالعه، دربردارنده تناوبی از سنگ­های آتشفشانی و آتشفشانی-رسوبی ائوسن است که در محیط زیرآبی تا خشکی تشکیل شده­اند. بخش آتشفشانی این توالی، از سنگ­های ولکانوکلاستیک و جریان­های گدازه­ تشکیل شده است. سنگ­های آتشفشانی اسیدی و ایگنمبریت بصورت محلی برونزد دارند. طبق مطالعات پتروگرافی، گدازه­های آتشفشانی یوسف­خان­کندی شامل انواع پیکروبازالت، بازالت، تفریت بازانیت، تراکی بازالت، بازالتیک تراکی آندزیت، فنوتفریت، تفروفنولیت، تراکی آندزیت و تراکیت هستند. بافت میکروسکوپی غالب در این گدازه­ها فیریک است. اکثر نمونه­ها تمایل انتقالی تا پتاسیک و تعداد کمی نیز روند سدیک نشان می­دهند. روند انتقالی در تعداد قابل توجهی از نمونه­های مورد مطالعه ممکن است ناشی از آمیختگی ماگماهای پتاسیک و سدیک باشد. تغییرات در نمودارهای دوتایی هارکر دلالت بر اهمیت تفریق ماگمایی در ژنز این سنگ­ها را دارد. الگوهای بهنجارشده عناصر نادر خاکی و نمودارهای عنکبوتی، دارای نسبت­های بالای LREE/HREE هستند که ممکن است ناشی از ذوب بخشی گوشته غنی شده (از جمله آستنوسفر) و یا گوشته دگرسان بوده باشد که در مناطق برخوردی و کمان قاره­ای گزارش شده­اند. در نمودارهای تکتونوماگمایی، بیشتر گدازه­های آتشفشانی مورد مطالعه، در قلمروی حاشیه فعال قاره­ای و تعدای نیز در محدوده درون صفحه­ای قرار می‌گیرند. به نظر می­رسد که به دنبال همگرایی و برخورد صفحه عربستان با اوراسیا از کرتاسه بالایی و فرورانش رو به شمال پوسته اقیانوسی نئوتتیس طی ائوسن، موجب شده است تا گوشته لیتوسفری زیرقاره که پیشتر توسط مولفه­های فرورانشی غنی شده بود، دچار ذوب بخشی گردد. این احتمال وجود دارد که گدازه­های آتشفشانی ائوسن منطقه یوسف‌خان‌کندی در یک پهنه کششی پسابرخوردی فوران کرده باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بازالت
پیکروبازالت
سری آلکالن
شوشونیت
ائوسن
لاهرود
اردبیل

عنوان مقاله English

Geology, petrography and geochemistry of Eocene lavas from the north of Yusuf-Khan-Kandi, north of Lahrud, Ardabil Province

نویسندگان English

Morteza Khalatbari Jafari 1
Amir Shariari 1
Mohamad Faridi 2
1 Research Institute for Earth sciences
2 Geological Survey of Tabriz
چکیده English

The study area is located in the north of the Yusef -Kandi village, north of Lahrud, Ardabil Province (northwestern Iran). This area comprises portions of the Alborz-Azarbaijan structural zone, which together with the Little Caucasus and the highlands of southeastern Turkey have evolved due to the convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian plates during the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny. The study area includes outcrops of Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequences which were deposited in marine to continental environments. The volcanic portion of these sequences consists of volcanoclastic rocks as well as lava flows. A few acidic volcanic rocks and ignimbrite are locally exposed in this area. The petrographic studies show that the Yusef-Khan-Kandi volcanic rocks include picrobasalt, basalt, tephrite, basanite, trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite, phenotephrite, tephrophenolite, trachyandesite and trachyte compositions. Phyric texture is common within the volcanic lavas. The majority of the samples show transitional to potassic trends, with only a few samples exhibiting sodic trends. The transitional trend observed in a significant number of the studied samples probably has resulted from the mingling of the sodic and potassic magmas. The Harker binary variation diagrams indicate trends that are consistent with fractional crystallization. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams show high LREE/HREE ratios which could be explained by partial melting of an enriched mantle (including asthenospheric) or a metasomatized mantle in collisional to continental arc environments. Most of the studied volcanic rocks plot in the active continental arc or within plate domains. It seems that following the convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates in the Late Cretaceous, the northward subducting Neotethyan slab in the Eocene, triggered partial melting of the metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Therefore, we suggest that the Yusef-Khan-Kandi Eocene volcanic rocks were erupted in a post-collision extensional environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

basalt
picrobasalt
alkaline serie
Shoshonite
Eocene
Lahrud
Ardabil
Ahmadzadeh, Gh., Jahangiri, A., Lentz, D. and Mojtahedi, M., 2010. Petrogenesis of Plio-Quaternary post-collisional Ultrapotassic volcanism in NW of Marand, NW Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39, 37-50.
Alavi, M., 1991. Tectonic Map of Middle East in scale 1:5000000. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran.
Alıcı, P., Temel, A., Gourgaud, A., Kieffer, G., Gündoğdu, M.N., 1998. Petrology and geochemistry of potassic rocks in the Gölcük area (Isparta, SW Turkey): genesis of enriched alkaline magmas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 85, 423-446.
Allègre, C. J., Provost, A. & Jaupart, C., 1981. Oscillatory zoning: a pathological case of crystal growth. Nature 294, 223–228.
Allen, M., Jackson, J., and Walker, R., 2004. Late Cenozoic reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia Collision and the Comparison of short-term and long-term deformation rates. Tectonics 23. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001530.
Amini, S., Shydaie, L., 1995. Petrology of the volcanic rocks in the northwest of MeshkinShar. Geosciences-Tehran university 34 (1), 1-12. (In Persian).
Aydınçakır, E., Şen, C., 2013. Petrogenesis of the post-collisional volcanic rocks from the Borçka (Artvin) area: Implications for the evolution of the Eocene magmatism in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Lithos 172–173, 98–117.
Aydin, F., Karsli, O., Sadiklar, B. M., 2009. Compositional Variations, Zoning Types and Petrogenetic Implications of Low-pressure Clinopyroxenes in the Neogene Alkaline Volcanic Rocks of Northeastern Turkey", Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 18, 163–186.
Babakhani, A.R., Khan Nazer, N., 1991. Geological Map of Lahrud, Scale 1: 100,000, Geological Survey of Iran.
Barzegar, A., M. Pourkermani, A., 2010. Structural evolution of folded zone of Allahyarlu in western Alborz. – 21st Congress of Geological Sciences and 15th Congress of Geological Survey of Iran. Urmia University (In Persian).
Bottinga, Y., Kudo, A. & Weill, D. 1966. Some observations on oscillatory zoning and crystallization of magmatic plagioclase. American Mineralogist 51, 792–806.
Brown, G.C., Thorpe, R.S., Webb, P.C. 1984. The geochemical characteristics of granitoids in contrasting arcs and comments on magma sources. Journal of Geological Society of London 141, 413–426.
Carvalho Lisboa, V.A., Conceicao, H., Silva Rosa, M.L., Fernandes, D.M., 2019. The onset of post-collisional magmatism in the Macurure Domain, Sergipano Orogenic System: The Gloria Norte Stock. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 89, 173–188.
Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D., and Pankhurst, R., 1979. The interpretation of igneous rocks. Allen and Unwin, London, 450p.
Didon, J., Gemain, Y.M., and Revised by: Lescuyer, J.L., Riou, R., Babakhani, A., 1978. Geological Map of Ahar, scale 1:250.000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Dilek, Y., and Sandvol, E., 2009. Seismic Structure, Crustal Architecture and Tectonic Evolution of the Anatolian-African Plate Boundary and the Cenozoic Orogenic Belts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, in Murphy, B., Keppie, J.D., and Hynes, A., eds., Ancient Orogens and Modern Analogues. Geological Society of London Special Publication 327, 127–160.
Esmaeili, S., Pourmaafi, M., Asadpour, M., 2013. Petrographic and geochemical investigation of the Alkaline potassic rocks in the southern of the Islamic island, in 17th Symposium of Geological Society of Iran. (In Persian).
Faridi, M., Khalatbari Jafari, M., 2006. Geological Map of Khoja, Scale 1:100000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Gill, J.B. 2010. Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer, Berlin, 472p.
Ginibre, C., Woerner, G. and Kronz, A., 2002. Minor and trace element zoning in plagioclase: implications for magma chamber proceses at Parinacota volcano, northern Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143, 300–315.
Giuseppe, P.D., Agostini, S., Manetti, P., Yilmaz Savaşçın, M., Conticelli, S., 2018. Sub-lithospheric origin of Na-alkaline and calc-alkaline magmas in a post-collisional tectonic regime: Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes in recent monogenetic volcanism of Cappadocia, Central Turkey. Lithos 316–317, 304–322.
Gorton M.P., Schandle E.S., 2002. Application of high field strength elements to discriminate tectonic settings in VMS environments. Economic Geology 97, 629–642.
Haq Siddiqui, R., Asifkhan, M., Qasim jan, M., 2007. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Miocene alkaline and sub-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Chagai arc, Baluchistan, Pakistan: Implications for porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences 40,1-23.
Humphreys M.C.S., Blundy J.D., Sparks S.J., 2006. Magma evolution and opensystem processes at shiveluch volcano: insights from phenocryst zoning. Journal of Petrology 47 (12), 2303-2334.
Irvine, T.N., and Baragar., W.R.A. 1971. A Guide to the Chemical Classification of the Common Volcanic Rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 8, 523-548.
Italiano, F., Yuce, G., Di Bella, M., Rojay, B., Sabatino, G., Tripodo, A., Martelli, M., Rizzo, A.L., Misseri, M., 2017. Noble gases and rock geochemistry of alkaline intraplate volcanics from the Amik and Ceyhan-Osmaniye areas, SE Turkey. Chemical Geology 469, 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.04.003.
Karacık, Z., Genc, S.C., Gulmez, F. 2013. Petrochemical features of Miocene volcanism around the Cubukludag graben and Karaburun peninsula, western Turkey: Implications for crustal melting related silicic volcanism". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 73, 199-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.001
Karmalkar, N.R., Rege, S., Griffin, W.L., O’Reilly, S.Y., 2005. Alkaline magmatism from Kutch, NW India: Implications for plume–lithosphere interaction. Lithos 81, 101– 119.
Kaygusuz, A., Öztürk, M., 2015. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: evidence for lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources in the High-K calc-alkaline magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 108, 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.017
Kaygusuz, A., Aslan, Z., Aydınçakır, E., Yücel, C., Gücer, M.A., Şen, C., 2017. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of the Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks from the Kandilli (Erzurum) area, Eastern Anatolia (Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension-related origin. Lithos 296–299, 332-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2017.11.003
Keskin, M., Can Genç, S., Tüysüz, O., 2008. Petrology and geochemistry of post-collisional Middle Eocene volcanic units in North-Central Turkey: Evidence for magma generation by slab breakoff following the closure of the Northern Neotethys Ocean. Lithos 104, 267–305.
Khalatbari Jafari, M., Babaie, H.A., Moslempour., 2016. Mid-ocean-ridge to suprasubduction geochemical transition in the hypabyssal and extrusive sequences of major Upper Cretaceous ophiolites of Iran. Geological Society of America, doi:10.1130/2016.2525(07).
Kumral, M., Coban, H., Gedikoglu, A., Kilinc, A., 2006. Petrology and geochemistry of augite trachytes and porphyritic trachytes from the Gölcük volcanic region, Isparta, SW Turkey: A case study. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 27, 707–716.
Lechmann, A., Burg, J.P., Ulmer, P., Guilong, M., Faridi, M., 2018. Metasomatized mantle as the source of Mid-Miocene-Quaternary volcanism in NW-Iranian Azerbaijan: Geochronological and geochemical evidence. Lithos 304–307, 311-328.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.01.030.
Li, C., Thakurata, J., Ripley, E.M., 2012. Low-Ca contents and kink-banded textures are not unique to mantle olivine: evidence from the Duke Island Complex, Alaska. Mineralogy Petrology 104, 147-153.
Meschede, M., 1986. A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb–Zr–Y diagram. Chemical Geology 56, 207–263.
Mobashergermi, M., Jahangiri, A., 2017. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basaltic prisms from South of Germi city (Ardabil province). Petrology 31, 165-188. (In Persian).
Nelson, S. T., Montana, A., 1992. Sieve-textured plagioclase in volcanic Rocks produced by Rapid decompression. American Mineralogist 77, 1242-1249.
Özdemir, Y., 2016. Geochemistry of tholeiitic to alkaline lavas from the east of Lake Van (Turkey): Implications for a late Cretaceous mature supra subduction zone environment", Journal of African Earth Sciences 120, 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.04.018.
Pearce, J.A. 1982. Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries, in Thorpe, R.S., ed., Andesites. New York, NY. Wiley 525–548.
Pearce, T. H. and Kolisnik, A. M. 1990. Observations of plagioclase zoning using interference imaging", Earth-Science Reviews 29, 9–26.
Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 938–956.
Pearce, J.A., Peate, D.W. 1995. Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23, 113–134.
Renjith, M.L., Santosh, M., Satyanarayana, M., Subba Rao, D.V., Tang, L., 2016. Multiple rifting and alkaline magmatism in southern India during Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. Tectonophysics 680, 233-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.04.041.
Riou, R., 1979. Petrography of the Eocene alkaline lavas of the Northern Azerbaijan (Iran). Neues Jahrb, Geol. Abh. 9, 532-559.
Sahakyan, L., Bosch, D., Sosson, M., Avagyan, A., Galoyan, GH., Rolland, Y., Bruguier, O., Stepanyan, ZH., Galland, B., Vardanyan, S., 2016. Geochemistry of the Eocene magmatic rocks from the Lesser Caucasus area (Armenia): evidence of a subduction geodynamic environment, Geological Society, London, Special Publications 428,73–98, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP428.12.
Singer, B. S., Dungan, M. A. & Layne, G. D. 1995. Textures and Sr, Ba, Mg, Fe, K, and Ti compositional profiles in volcanic plagioclase: clues to the dynamics of calc-alkaline magma chambers. American Mineralogist 80, 776–798.
Sokół, K., Halama, R., Meliksetian, KH., Savov, I.P., Navasardyan, G., Sudo, M., 2018. Alkaline magmas in zones of continental convergence: The Tezhsar volcano-intrusive ring complex, Armenia. Lithos 320–321, 172-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.08.028.
Soltanmohammadi, A., Rahgoshay, M., 2015. Mineralogy and geochemistry of analcime bearing alkaline rocks in Salavat range, Azerbaijan Magmatic Plateau, NW Iran. Petrology 22, 91-118. (In Persian).
Soltanmuhammadi, A., 2018. Sources of the alkaline magmatism in the Turkish-Iranian Plateau: a link with the dynamic of stagnant lithospheres within the Mantle Transition Zone. Toulouse University Corporation with Shahid Beheshti University 285p. (In Persian).
Sudi Ajirlu, M., Jahangiri, A., 2010. Petrography and tectonic setting of Allahyarlu ophiolite. 21st Congress of Geological Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran (In Persian).
Sudi Ajirlu, M., Jahangiri, A., Moayyed, M., 2010. Relative dating of Allahyarlu ophiolite emplacement based on dating of limestones in core of Allahyarlu anticline, NW Iran. 2016. 5th Iranian Congress of Paleontology, Environmental Science Research Center, Kerman (In Persian).
Sun, S. S., McDonough, W. F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 42, 313-345.
Temel, A., Yürür, T., Alıcı, P., Varol, E., Gourgaud, A., Bellon, H., Demirbağ, H., 2010. Alkaline series related to Early-Middle Miocene intra-continental rifting in a collision zone: An example from Polatlı, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 38, 289–306.
Wang, F., Xu, Y.G., Xu, W.L., Yang, L., Wu, W., Sun, C.Y., 2017. Early Jurassic calc alkaline magmatism in northeast China: Magmatic response to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 143, 249-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.04.018.
Willshire, H. G., Mc Guitre, A. V., 1996. Magmatic in filteration and melting in the lower crust and upper Mantle beneath the cime volcanic field, Colifornia. contribution Mineralogy and Petrology 123, 358-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050162.
Wilson, M. and Downes, H. 2003. Tertiary-Quaternary intraplate magmatism in Europe and its relationship to mantle dynamics. In: Gee, D.G. and Stephenson, R. (eds.) European lithosphere dynamics. Geological Society of London Memoir 32. London: Geological Society of London 32, 147-166. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.09.
Winchester, J., Floyd, P.A., 1976. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20, 325–343.
Wood, D.A., 1980. The application of a Th–Hf–Ta diagramto problems of tectonomagmatic classification and to establishing the nature of crustal contamination of basaltic lavas of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 50, 11–30.